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这篇Assignment主要讨论了关于贫穷的研究。混合方法研究被认为是进行贫困社会学研究的最佳方法。贫困是一个复杂的社会问题，它不仅涉及数据和事实，而且还涉及对物理现象背后的人类意图的解释。方法论对贫困研究的影响更为直接，但它不能脱离指导认识论。认识论观点的采用不是中立的，而是由社会科学家如何看待不同社会因素之间的联系所决定的。总体而言，混合方法研究被发现是社会科学家研究贫困问题的最佳选择。

贫穷的研究
assignment代写范文

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Poverty has been a disease of the human society for centuries.In the modern world,poverty is granted with more complex meanings than starving.People suffering from poverty are often deprived of equal social opportunities.They are more susceptible to poor living conditions,lack of material supply,emotional disturbances,alcohol and substance abuse,and a much lower life expectancy than the rich.Meanwhile,the deprived opportunities include the chance of quality education,the chance to improve their society status,and the chance to enjoy traveling,dining,watching movies,reading,participating in sports activities,and going to concerts.These lost opportunities make it extremely difficult for the poor to get rid of poverty.In this essay,several different schools of thought regarding the origin and implication of poverty will be analyzed,with functionalism thoughts identified as the most valid one.
几个世纪以来，贫穷一直是人类社会的一种疾病。在现代世界，贫穷的含义比饥饿更为复杂。贫穷的人往往被剥夺平等的社会机会。他们更容易受到贫穷的生活条件、缺乏物质供应、情感障碍、酗酒和滥用物质的影响。与富人相比，他们的预期寿命要低得多。与此同时，被剥夺的机会包括接受优质教育的机会、提高社会地位的机会，以及享受旅行、吃饭、看电影、读书、参加体育活动和去听音乐会的机会。这些被剥夺的机会使本文分析了贫困的起源和含义，并以功能主义思想为最有效的思想流派。

The structuralism(conflict)view of poverty believes that the true nature of poverty is deprivation and exploitation of the poor.A natural conflict exists between the powerful and the weak,or between the rich and the poor.The powerful want to maintain their social status at all costs,and poverty has become the most effective weapon for them to do so.Structuralism view argues that capitalism has created an unequal relationship between the capitalists and the workers(Patnaik,2012).The surplus values created by workers have been grabbed by the capitalists,leading to the unbalanced distribution of social wealth.Meanwhile,it is extremely difficult for the poor to become capitalists themselves,with no accumulation of wealth or experience.Meanwhile,the wealthy also have other means of influence over the poor,by providing them only with partial information.This is supported by the increasingly monopolized mass media in the modern world.Lack of information and opportunity thus become the major obstacles for the poor to get rid of poverty.
贫穷的结构主义（冲突）观点认为，贫穷的真正本质是对穷人的剥夺和剥削。强者与弱者，或富人与穷人之间存在着一种自然的冲突。强者不惜一切代价维持他们的社会地位，而贫穷结构主义观点认为，资本主义在资本家和工人之间建立了不平等的关系（Patnaik，2012年），工人创造的剩余价值被资本家攫取，导致分配不平衡。社会财富。与此同时，穷人很难自己成为资本家，没有财富或经验的积累。同时，富人也有其他方式影响穷人，只向他们提供部分信息。这一点得到了越来越多的人的支持。在现代社会，大众传媒是垄断的，缺乏信息和机会成为穷人摆脱贫困的主要障碍。

In the age of globalization,such class conflict and deprivation happen not only within countries,but increasingly in the international level(Patnaik,2012).Poorer countries have little choice but to sacrifice their environment and natural resources to provide cheap labor for the developed countries.Although the structuralism theories present valid points,they have failed to acknowledge the countless cases of success rising from the lower social classes.The people who have been rich a century ago may not be the richest nowadays.In the case of the post-communist Poland,the rising new elite class in the society shows that rather than a systematic flaw,poverty is more of a result of individual pathology(Ost,2015).This diminishes the claim that poverty is an effective tool of stratification.Poverty should not be viewed as an intrinsic characteristic of capitalism,especially in the age of information and technology,where more opportunities are presented not only to the rich,but all members of the society.
在全球化时代，这种阶级冲突和剥夺不仅发生在国家内部，而且在国际层面上也日益增多（Patnaik，2012年）。较贫穷的国家别无选择，只能牺牲环境和自然资源，为发达国家提供廉价劳动力。尽管结构主义理论目前有效。重点是，他们没有认识到从下层社会阶层中崛起的无数成功案例。一个世纪前富有的人可能不是当今最富有的人。在后共产主义的波兰，社会中崛起的新精英阶层表明，贫穷更多地是个人的结果，而不是系统性的缺陷。病理学（OST，2015年）。这削弱了贫困是一种有效的分层工具的说法。贫困不应被视为资本主义的内在特征，尤其是在信息和技术时代，不仅向富人，而且向社会所有成员提供更多的机会。