Termpaper学期报告,这种学期报告一般指的是当一段科研或研究需要告一段落时,教授导师们就会郑重地要求学生们:是时候写final termpaper啦!当然,和一般的termpaper不同,结束性学期报告的功能比起一般的用以拿学分的学期报告,功能上往往是一篇非常正式的用以期刊发表的正式论文。那么Termpaper怎么写呢?
当然,有时导师们也会要求学生们先写结束性学期报告,然后根据the final termpaper再次扩充修改总结出另一篇用以期刊发表的学术论文。
所以,不论是前一种还是后一种情况,结题termpaper的重要性比起—般termpaper来说是极大的。在某种程度上,结题termpaper的好坏定义了—长段时间的研究成果。
所以今天小编准备了来自宾夕法尼亚大学官方网站的一篇文章,希望通过简单的几个步骤和提醒,帮助同学们对结题性学期报告形成更好的理解。
1.Dig into the research process.
Although we'll focus more on the organization and writing of a research paper in this article,the research process is an important first step.Research will help you in several ways:
understanding your subject
formulating ideas for your paperdeveloping a thesis statement
speaking about your topic with authority
Gather resource materials and begin reviewing them.Here are a few good information sources:Google scholar
Online encyclopedias,almanacs,and databasesBooks and periodicals
Newspapers
Government publications,guides,and reports
As you read and evaluate the information you discover,take notes.Keep track of your reference materials so you can cite them and build your bibliography later.The Purdue onlineWriting Lab(owL)and other university writing lab websites are excellent resources to help youunderstand what information you'll need to collect to properly cite references.
1.深入调查研究过程。
虽然在本文中我们将更多地关注研究论文的组织和写作,但研究过程是重要的第一步。研究将在以下几个方面帮助你:
了解你的主题阐述论文的观点展开主题陈述
用权威的方式谈论你的话题
收集资源材料并开始审查它们。这里有—些好的信息来源:谷歌学术搜索
在线百科全书、年鉴和数据库书籍和期刊
报纸
政府出版物、指南和报告
当你阅读和评估你发现的信息时,记笔记。跟踪你的参考资料,这样你就可以引用它们,然后建立你的参考书目。普渡大学在线写作实验室(OWL)和其他大学写作实验室网站都是很好的资源,可以帮助你了解需要收集哪些信息来正确引用参考文献。
2.Organize before you start writing.
Your research spawned tons of ideas.Great!Now you're ready to begin the process of
organizing your presentation...before you begin writing.Don't skip the organization step一it's critical to your paper's success.Without it,your paper will lack focus and you'll spend muchmore time in the revision process trying to make sense of your jumbled thoughts.
2.在你开始写作之前整理好。
你的研究产生了大量的想法。太棒了!现在你已经准备好开始组织你的演讲了...在你开始写作之前。不要跳过组织步骤――这对你的论文的成功至关重要。没有它,你的论文将缺乏重点,你将花费更多的时间在修改过程中试图弄清楚你混乱的想法。
3.The Outline
An outline will help you organize your thoughts before you dig into the writing process.Onceyou've developed your thesis statement,think about the main points you'll need to present tosupport that statement.Those main points are your sub-headings.Now,organize your
thoughts and information under each sub-heading.
Any information that doesn't fit within the framework of your outline,and doesn't directlysupport your thesis statement,no matter how interesting,doesn't belong in your researchpaper.Keep your focus narrow and avoid the kitchen sink approach.(You know,the one whereyou throw in every bit of interesting research you uncovered,including the fungal growth in theU-joint of your kitchen sink?)Everything you learn may be fascinating,but not all of it is goingto be relevant to your paper.
3.大纲
提纲可以帮助你在深入写作过程之前组织你的想法。一旦你展开了你的主题陈述,想—想你需要展示来支持你的陈述的要点。这些要点就是你的副标题。现在,在每个小标题下组织你的思想和信息。
任何不符合你的大纲框架,不能直接支持你的主题陈述的信息,无论多么有趣,都不属于你的研究论文。把你的注意力集中在更窄的范围内,避免厨房里的水槽。(你知道的,就是把你发现的所有有趣的研究都加入其中,包括你厨房水槽u形接头上的真菌生长。)你学到的每一样东西可能都很吸引人,但并不是所有的东西都和你的论文相关。
希望本篇文章可以帮助到正在准备结题性学期报告的同学们。